The analysis argues that Europe’s green transition can no longer be treated only as environmental policy. It has become a test of industrial competitiveness, economic security and geoeconomic power. As Brussels adjusts the 2035 framework, China is gaining ground in electric vehicles, hybrids, batteries and supply chains, while European automakers face pressure in China and at home. ACEA, CLEPA, IEA and Reuters data show a gradual market shift, with hybrids still dominant, charging infrastructure expanding unevenly and suppliers facing major job cuts. For Romania, the stakes are direct: Dacia Mioveni, Ford Otosan Craiova and the wider supplier network depend on whether Europe can turn the green transition into an industrial advantage rather than a new dependency.